In this episode of The Science of Leadership, host Tom Collins is joined by Dr. Ken Slaw, an organizational leadership expert and Executive Director of the Society for Vascular Surgery. Together, they explore a critical but often overlooked reality: much of an organization's most important work—from translating strategy to driving innovation—happens in the middle.

Dr. Slaw and Tom dismantle the myth that leadership is synonymous with being "at the top." They argue that "leading from the middle" is not secondary leadership, but a unique discipline requiring the ability to influence upward, downward, and across departments without the crutch of ultimate authority. Using the "crucible of innovation" as a metaphor, they discuss why middle leaders are the true "Catalysts in Chief" who turn raw talent into breakthrough results.

Key topics include:

• The Translation Challenge: Why middle leaders are the vital hinge point between grand executive visions and the immediate reality of the front line.
• Authority vs. Leadership: Understanding why position alone does not define a leader and why rising to the top often brings more constraints than control.
• The Crucible of Innovation: Why true ideation and breakthroughs almost always incubate in the center of the organization rather than at the peak.
• The Science of Middle Management: How research in management and implementation science confirms that middle leaders are the primary mechanism through which organizational strategy becomes real.
• Practical Effectiveness: Actionable strategies for middle leaders, including building credibility in all directions, refusing the "toxic" trap of cynicism, and maintaining strategic alignment.
• The Talent Core: Using a "strength up the middle" baseball analogy to explain why loading talent in the middle of an organization is a strategic imperative.

"Leading from the middle isn't leadership with an asterisk—it often requires the greatest legitimate leadership capability because you must influence without ultimate power." Tune in to learn how to master the "nexus" where different worlds collide to create organizational greatness.

Also, I want to remind listeners about the release of my book, "The Four Stars of Leadership," a culmination of over three years of dedicated work, and I'm confident it will be an immensely interesting and helpful guide on your journey to becoming a better leader. Don't miss out on this essential resource—order your copy today at Amazon or Barnes & Nobles and share your thoughts with me!

Sharpen your leadership skills: Subscribe now on your favorite podcast app to ensure you don't miss an episode dedicated to helping you become a better leader.

To learn more about the Science of Leadership, visit https://www.fourstarleaders.com/

References

Birken, S. A., Clary, A. S., Tabriz, A. A., Turner, K., Meza, R., Zizzi, A., Larson, M., Walker, J., Charns, M., & Kemper, E. (2018). Middle managers’ role in implementing evidence-based practices in healthcare: A systematic review. Implementation Science, 13(1), 149. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-018-0843-6

Engle, R. L., Lopez, E. R., Gormley, K. E., Chan, J. A., Charns, M. P., Lucas, J. A., & Sales, A. E. (2017). What roles do middle managers play in implementation of innovative practices? Health Care Management Review, 42(1), 14–27. https://doi.org/10.1097/HMR.0000000000000095

Floyd, S. W., & Wooldridge, B. (1994). Recognizing middle management’s strategic role. Academy of Management Executive, 8(4), 47–57.

Fryer, A. K., Tucker, A. L., Singer, S. J., & Melfi, C. A. (2018). The impact of middle manager affective commitment on perceived implementation success and frontline employee commitment: A survey of nursing innovation implementation in hospitals. Health Care Management Review, 43(4), 291–301. https://doi.org/10.1097/HMR.0000000000000172

Guerrero, E. G., Fenwick, K., & Kong, Y. (2019). Advancing theory on the multilevel role of leadership in the implementation of evidence-based practice. Health Care Management Review, 44(2), 151–161. https://doi.org/10.1097/HMR.0000000000000209

Huy, Q. N. (2011). How middle managers’ group-focus emotions and social identities influence strategy implementation. Strategic Management Journal, 32(13), 1387–1410.

Wooldridge, B., & Floyd, S. W. (1990). The strategy process, middle management involvement, and organizational performance. Strategic Management Journal, 11(3), 231–241.

In this episode of The Science of Leadership, host Tom Collins sits down with retired Army Lieutenant General Doug Gabram, an Apache aviator who commanded troops from the captain level all the way to a three-star general. Together, they explore why trust is the "fuel for all of life" and the foundational ingredient for building championship teams.

Doug shares deeply personal stories from the battlefield in Iraq and Afghanistan, illustrating the life-and-death difference between implied trust—based on rank and title—and earned trust, which is forged through shared sacrifice and repetition. From the poignant "Bearcat 6" story to the critical decision to trust an international partner in a dangerous city, this conversation provides a raw look at how trust is built, tested, and remembered.

Key topics include:

• Implied vs. Earned Trust: Understanding the transition from trusting a position to trusting the person behind it.
• The "Audio and Video" Match: Why a leader’s actions must align with their words to maintain reliability.
• Distrust as a Force: How the absence of trust isn't neutral, but a driving force that actively erodes relationships and team performance.
• The Four Cs of Trust: How Character, Competence, Caring, and Communication serve as the pillars of reliable leadership.
• The Science of Perception: A look at the Mayer, Davis, and Schoorman model, which identifies Ability, Benevolence, and Integrity as the three keys to being trusted.
• Practical Trust-Building: Five concrete steps leaders can take today to foster a culture of reliability and honesty.

"Do the right thing, the right way, for the right reason—even when it costs you." Tune in to learn how to move your team from "good" to "great" by mastering the most important ingredient in leadership.

Also, I want to remind listeners about the release of my book, "The Four Stars of Leadership," a culmination of over three years of dedicated work, and I'm confident it will be an immensely interesting and helpful guide on your journey to becoming a better leader. Don't miss out on this essential resource—order your copy today at Amazon or Barnes & Nobles and share your thoughts with me!

Sharpen your leadership skills: Subscribe now on your favorite podcast app to ensure you don't miss an episode dedicated to helping you become a better leader.

To learn more about the Science of Leadership, visit https://www.fourstarleaders.com/

References

• Boies, K., Fiset, J., & Gill, H. (2015). Communication and trust are key: Unlocking the relationship between leadership and team performance and creativity. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(6), 1080–1094.
• Cloud, H. (2023). Trust: Knowing when to give it, when to withhold it, how to earn it, and how to fix it when it gets broken in life and business. Worthy Books.
• Collins, T. (2025). The four stars of leadership: Scientifically-derived principles from America’s highest-ranking leaders. Four Star Leaders
• Covey, S.M.R. (2008). The speed of trust: The one thing that changes everything. Free Press.
• Dirks, K. T., & Ferrin, D. L. (2002). Trust in leadership: Meta-analytic findings and implications for research and practice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 611–628.
• Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 709–734.