Episodes

  • #494 – Jensen Huang: NVIDIA – The $4 Trillion Company & the AI Revolution

    #494 – Jensen Huang: NVIDIA – The $4 Trillion Company & the AI Revolution
    Mar 23 2026
    Jensen Huang is the co-founder and CEO of NVIDIA, the world’s most valuable company and the engine powering the AI computing revolution. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep494-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript:https://lexfridman.com/jensen-huang-transcriptCONTACT LEX:Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/surveyAMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/amaHiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiringOther – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contactEPISODE LINKS: NVIDIA: https://nvidia.com NVIDIA on X: https://x.com/nvidia NVIDIA AI on X: https://x.com/NVIDIAAI NVIDIA on YouTube: https://youtube.com/@nvidia NVIDIA on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/nvidia/ NVIDIA on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/nvidia/ NVIDIA on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/NVIDIA/ NVIDIA on GitHub: https://github.com/NVIDIA Nemotron: https://developer.nvidia.com/nemotronSPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine. Go to https://perplexity.ai/Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lexLMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lexFin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lexQuo: Phone system (calls, texts, contacts) for businesses. Go to https://quo.com/lexOUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (00:26) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (06:34) – Extreme co-design and rack-scale engineering (09:20) – How Jensen runs NVIDIA (28:41) – AI scaling laws (43:41) – Biggest blockers to AI scaling laws (45:25) – Supply chain (47:20) – Memory (53:25) – Power (58:45) – Elon and Colossus (1:02:13) – Jensen’s approach to engineering and leadership (1:07:38) – China (1:15:51) – TSMC and Taiwan (1:21:06) – NVIDIA’s moat (1:26:43) – AI data centers in space (1:30:31) – Will NVIDIA be worth $10 trillion? (1:40:40) – Leadership under pressure (1:54:26) – Video games (2:01:18) – AGI timeline (2:03:31) – Future of programming (2:17:02) – Consciousness (2:23:23) – Mortality PODCAST LINKS: – Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast – Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr – Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 – RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ – Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 – Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclipsBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/lex-fridman-podcast--6571540/support.
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    2 hrs and 32 mins
  • #298 – Susan Cain: The Power of Introverts and Loneliness

    #298 – Susan Cain: The Power of Introverts and Loneliness
    Jun 28 2022
    Susan Cain is the author of Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can’t Stop Talking, and Bittersweet: How Sorrow and Longing Make Us Whole. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Brave: https://brave.com/lex – Skiff: https://skiff.org/lex to get early access – Mizzen+Main: https://mizzenandmain.com and use code LEX to get $35 off – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil – InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex to get 20% off EPISODE LINKS: Susan’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/susancain Susan’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/susancainauthor Susan’s Website: https://susancain.net Bittersweet (book): https://amzn.to/3xE0LWt Quiet (book): https://amzn.to/3QvpOmbPODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclipsSUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridmanOUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (06:42) – Introverts (24:42) – Small talk (29:37) – Artistic expression (42:03) – Sad music (49:42) – Leonard Cohen (1:00:34) – Public speaking (1:07:50) – Podcasts (1:15:25) – Famous Blue Raincoat by Leonard Cohen (1:30:47) – Creativity and sadness (1:39:03) – Dark moments (1:47:06) – Parenting (1:55:59) – Advice for young people (1:59:10) – Meaning of lifeBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/lex-fridman-podcast--6571540/support.
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    2 hrs and 6 mins
  • #498 – Anthony Kaldellis: Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire, Rise & Fall of Empires

    #498 – Anthony Kaldellis: Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire, Rise & Fall of Empires
    Jun 30 2026
    Anthony Kaldellis is a historian of the Roman Empire and author of “The New Roman Empire”, a comprehensive history of the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire). Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep498-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript:https://lexfridman.com/anthony-kaldellis-transcriptCONTACT LEX:Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/surveyAMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/amaHiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiringOther – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contactEPISODE LINKS: Anthony’s Books: https://amzn.to/49AX7Q1 Anthony’s Publications: https://kaldellispublications.weebly.com Anthony’s University of Chicago page: https://classics.uchicago.edu/people/anthony-kaldellis The New Roman Empire (book): https://amzn.to/3PTFTqk Streams of Gold (book): https://amzn.to/4fgRMRq Byzantium & Friends Podcast: https://byzantiumandfriends.podbean.com/ The History of Byzantium Podcast: https://thehistoryofbyzantium.com/SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:Upwork: Platform for hiring freelancers. Go to https://upwork.com/lexFin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lexBetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lexLMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lexShopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lexPerplexity: AI-powered answer engine. Go to https://perplexity.ai/OUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (00:11) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (08:45) – The Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire (12:42) – 2,200 Years of Roman History (33:06) – Power, violence, and civil war (54:20) – Edict of Caracalla (1:07:17) – Crisis of the Third Century (1:21:45) – Constantine and the new Roman Empire (1:33:46) – Christianity in the Roman Empire (1:59:14) – Fall of the Western Roman Empire (2:12:11) – Eunuchs, Taxes, and Power (2:37:17) – Emperor Justinian and wars of conquest (2:54:19) – The Arab conquests (3:13:55) – Why the Roman empire survived so long (3:40:01) – Lessons from history PODCAST LINKS: – Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast – Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr – Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 – RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ – Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 – Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclipsBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/lex-fridman-podcast--6571540/support.
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    3 hrs and 59 mins
  • #297 – Jonathan Reisman: The Human Body – From Sex & Sperm to Hands & Heart

    #297 – Jonathan Reisman: The Human Body – From Sex & Sperm to Hands & Heart
    Jun 25 2022
    Jonathan Reisman is a physician and author of The Unseen Body who has practiced medicine in some of the most remote places in the world. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Lambda: https://lambdalabs.com/lex – InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex to get 20% off – Fundrise: https://fundrise.com/lex – Onnit: https://lexfridman.com/onnit to get up to 10% off – NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour EPISODE LINKS: Jonathan’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/jonreismanMD Jonathan’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/jonreismanmd Jonathan’s Website: http://jonathanreisman.com The Unseen Body (book): https://amzn.to/3Fyycw0PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclipsSUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridmanOUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:01) – Hands (16:15) – Sex (25:56) – Future of medicine (35:03) – Throat (45:26) – Heart and blood (53:28) – Genitals (1:05:57) – Poop (1:10:12) – Emergency room (1:18:03) – Sperm (1:23:09) – Liver (1:28:38) – Living in the Far North (1:47:21) – War and medicine (1:52:07) – Antarctica (2:05:03) – Artificial organs (2:13:39) – History of medicine (2:22:40) – Paul Farmer (2:27:05) – Advice for young people (2:34:03) – Struggle (2:40:07) – Mortality (2:45:44) – Meaning of lifeBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/lex-fridman-podcast--6571540/support.
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    2 hrs and 50 mins
  • #296 – Douglas Murray: Racism, Marxism, and the War on the West

    #296 – Douglas Murray: Racism, Marxism, and the War on the West
    Jun 21 2022
    Douglas Murray is an author and political commentator. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Brave: https://brave.com/lex – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off – BiOptimizers: http://www.magbreakthrough.com/lex to get 10% off – Notion: https://notion.com/startups to get up to $1000 off team plan – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free EPISODE LINKS: Douglas’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/DouglasKMurray Douglas’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/douglaskmurray Douglas’s Website: https://douglasmurray.net The War on the West (book): https://amzn.to/38L7B36 Madness of Crowds (book): https://amzn.to/3MShBpX Strange Death of Europe (book): https://amzn.to/3OnYmEXPODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclipsSUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridmanOUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:49) – Western civilization (16:29) – Slavery (20:06) – Reparations (25:11) – Institutional racism (32:24) – Lived experience (41:49) – Resentment (53:55) – Critical race theory (1:08:27) – Racism (1:27:26) – Stalin (1:31:59) – Churchill (1:38:03) – Marxism (1:54:41) – Madness of Crowds (2:03:14) – Ego (2:10:22) – Donald Trump (2:17:06) – America’s future (2:24:33) – Advice for young people (2:33:16) – LoveBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/lex-fridman-podcast--6571540/support.
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    2 hrs and 45 mins
  • #497 – Biggest Mysteries in Physics: Antimatter, Dark Energy & ToE – Don Lincoln

    #497 – Biggest Mysteries in Physics: Antimatter, Dark Energy & ToE – Don Lincoln
    May 29 2026
    Don Lincoln is a particle physicist at Fermilab who has spent decades working at the frontiers of high energy physics. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep497-sc See below for timestamps, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. CONTACT LEX:Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/surveyAMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/amaHiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiringOther – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contactEPISODE LINKS: Don’s Facebook: https://facebook.com/Dr.Don.Lincoln/ Don’s Website: https://drdonlincoln.com/ Don’s LinkedIn: https://bit.ly/4nHeNiF Don’s YouTube Playlist: https://bit.ly/3PCIW67 Don’s X: https://x.com/DrDonLincoln Don’s Books: https://amzn.to/4uYbkOZ Don’s Great Courses: https://shop.thegreatcourses.com/don-lincoln Don’s Audible: https://adbl.co/4wGioRV Fermilab’s YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/fermilab Fermilab’s Website: https://www.fnal.gov/ Fermilab’s X: https://x.com/fermilabSPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:Upwork: Platform for hiring freelancers. Go to https://upwork.com/lexLarridin: Measure AI adoption in your business. Go to https://larridin.comFin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lexLMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lexShopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lexPerplexity: AI-powered answer engine. Go to https://perplexity.ai/OUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (00:34) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (08:52) – Unifying the laws of nature (23:23) – Einstein, special relativity, and general relativity (40:31) – Electroweak force (52:13) – How particle colliders work (1:10:16) – Higgs boson discovery (1:20:35) – Theory of everything (1:50:20) – Physics of empty space (1:57:45) – Antimatter (2:18:35) – Dark energy (2:22:23) – Dark matter (2:50:59) – Future of physics PODCAST LINKS: – Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast – Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr – Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 – RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ – Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 – Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclipsBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/lex-fridman-podcast--6571540/support.
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    3 hrs and 2 mins
  • #496 – FFmpeg: The Incredible Technology Behind Video on the Internet

    #496 – FFmpeg: The Incredible Technology Behind Video on the Internet
    May 6 2026
    Jean-Baptiste Kempf is lead developer of VLC and president of VideoLAN. Kieran Kunhya is a longtime FFmpeg contributor, codec engineer, and the person behind the now-infamous FFmpeg account on X. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep496-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript:https://lexfridman.com/ffmpeg-transcriptCONTACT LEX:Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/surveyAMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/amaHiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiringOther – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contactEPISODE LINKS: FFmpeg on X: https://x.com/FFmpeg FFmpeg: https://ffmpeg.org/ VideoLAN (VLC): https://www.videolan.org/ VideoLAN on X: https://x.com/videolan Jean-Baptiste’s Website: https://jbkempf.com/ Jean-Baptiste’s LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jbkempf/ Jean-Baptiste’s GitHub: https://github.com/jbkempf Kieran’s X: https://x.com/kierank_ Kieran’s LinkedIn: https://bit.ly/3OORhmC Kieran’s GitHub: https://github.com/kierankSPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:Larridin: Measure AI adoption in your business. Go to https://larridin.comBlitzy: AI agent for large enterprise codebases. Go to https://blitzy.com/lexBetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lexFin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lexLMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lexPerplexity: AI-powered answer engine. Go to https://perplexity.ai/OUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (03:00) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (10:48) – Weirdest things VLC opens (15:12) – How video playback works (24:33) – Video codecs and containers (35:20) – FFmpeg explained (56:20) – Linus Torvalds (1:00:59) – Turning down millions to keep VLC ad-free (1:15:17) – FFmpeg & Google drama (1:34:31) – FFmpeg developers (1:41:08) – VLC and FFmpeg (1:45:42) – History of FFmpeg (1:48:59) – Reverse engineering codecs (2:02:14) – FFmpeg testing (2:06:21) – Assembly code (handwritten) (2:30:39) – Rust programming language (2:39:55) – FFmpeg and Libav fork (2:48:17) – Open source burnout (2:56:04) – x264 and internet video (3:09:20) – Video compression basics (3:16:17) – CIA and fake VLC (3:26:52) – Ultra low latency streaming (3:44:20) – AV2 codec and video patents (3:54:12) – VLC backdoors (4:04:27) – Video archiving (4:11:04) – Future of FFmpeg and VLCBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/lex-fridman-podcast--6571540/support.
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    4 hrs and 24 mins
  • #295 – Richard Wolff: Marxism and Communism

    #295 – Richard Wolff: Marxism and Communism
    Jun 17 2022
    Richard Wolff is a Marxist philosopher and economist. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Skiff: https://skiff.org/lex to get early access – Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit – Onnit: https://lexfridman.com/onnit to get up to 10% off – Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium – Linode: https://linode.com/lex to get $100 free credit EPISODE LINKS: Richard’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/profwolff Richard’s Website: https://www.rdwolff.com Contending Economic Theories (book): https://amzn.to/3HykPwT Understanding Marxism (book): https://amzn.to/39qpm8b Understanding Socialism (book): https://amzn.to/3Og9XG3PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclipsSUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridmanOUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:12) – Marxism (15:41) – Communism (50:47) – Human nature (1:03:03) – Economics (1:09:54) – Capitalism (1:42:18) – Governments and corporations (1:53:13) – Stalinism (2:07:12) – Nazis (2:14:08) – Socialism vs Marxism (2:21:48) – Bernie Sanders and AOC (2:38:49) – Cultural Marxism (2:45:49) – Darkest moments (2:51:18) – Advice for young people (2:53:37) – Mortality (2:57:28) – Meaning of lifeBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/lex-fridman-podcast--6571540/support.
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    2 hrs and 59 mins